Saladin biography summary rubric
Saladin
| Muslim leader, Kurdish by origin, who defeated the Crusaders Country: Egypt |
Content:
- Saladin: A Muslim Leader and Sultan
- Early Life and Military Career
- The Crusades and Saladin's Triumphs
- The Battle of Hattin and the Capture of Jerusalem
- Saladin's Legacy and the End of the Crusades
Saladin: A Muslim Leader and Sultan
Saladin, a Muslim leader of Kurdish descent, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty and the Sultan of Egypt from He led the fight against the Crusaders and was a prominent figure in the Muslim struggle against them.
Early Life and Military Career
In his youth, Saladin studied theology in the Syrian capital Damascus and initially intended to pursue a spiritual career.
However, he followed in his father's footsteps and became a military leader. In , Saladin, already the right-hand man of the commander Nur ad-Din during the war, participated in the liberation of Egypt from the Crusaders.
Saladin biography summary rubric high school In fact, this agreement turned out to be a peaceful treaty that lasted for many years. In , Saladin, already the right-hand man of the commander Nur ad-Din during the war, participated in the liberation of Egypt from the Crusaders. In , he invaded and conquered Syria, becoming Sultan of Egypt and Syria. This Islamic sultan of the 12th century, known in Arabic as Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi, led vast troops, fought Europeans for control of the Holy Lands, established a new Islamic Empire that would transform the globe, and ended up mending ties between Europe and West Asia.After Nur ad-Din's death, Saladin, also known as Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, took command of the Arab army and fought against the Crusaders and their states in the Holy Land, such as the County of Edessa, the Principality of Antioch, the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the County of Tripoli. Along with his title as the commander-in-chief of the Muslim army, Saladin gained control over Egypt, which had been conquered by the Arabs.
In , he staged a coup and founded the Ayyubid dynasty, becoming the full-fledged Sultan of Egypt, the largest state in the Arab world at the time.
The Crusades and Saladin's Triumphs
The Crusades were prompted by the Seljuk Turks' conquest of Syria, Palestine, and most of Asia Minor. The first Crusade began in Knights from France, German territories, and Southern Italy inflicted a series of defeats on the Seljuks and established their first states in the Middle East.
In , they stormed Jerusalem and took control of it.
The second Crusade, led by the French King Louis VII and the German King Conrad III, started in It was during this time that the Arab military commander Nur ad-Din became famous for preventing the French knights from capturing Damascus.
Book summary rubric Art History U. His family was of Kurdish heritage and followed the Sunni branch of Islam. He was neither a bloodthirsty eastern conqueror nor a destroyer of cultural treasures. In the medieval times, Citadels were critical in protecting people from outsider attacks.Through continuous military campaigns over twelve years, Sultan Saladin conquered Syria and Iraq, becoming the recognized military leader of the Muslim world. The Crusader states in the Middle East were now surrounded on all sides by the territories of the Egyptian Sultan. Saladin swore to expel the infidels and declared a holy war against them.
The Battle of Hattin and the Capture of Jerusalem
On July 4, , Salah ad-Din launched a surprise attack on the Crusader army near Hattin.
In a brief battle, the Muslims, referred to as Saracens by Europeans, killed or captured a significant portion of the forces of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which numbered around 20, soldiers. This battle, known as the Battle of Hattin, resulted in the Crusaders suffering immense losses. Following this major victory, Saladin captured several large fortified Palestinian cities, including Acre and Jaffa, as well as Crusader fortresses, leaving Egyptian garrisons and his appointees in control of them.
In September , Sultan Saladin besieged Jerusalem.
The history of the city's conquest by Europeans was as follows: during the First Crusade, on June 7, , it was besieged by knights led by Godfrey of Bouillon.
On July 15, the city walls were stormed, and for the next three days, a massacre took place, resulting in the death of an estimated 70, Muslims. Saladin restored Muslim rule in Jerusalem, which had been lost in Unlike the Crusaders, the Sultan treated his prisoners with nobility. He released the deposed Jerusalem king, Guy of Lusignan, after making him swear never to take up arms against the Muslim world again.
The Christians were given 40 days to leave the Holy City.
Saladin's Legacy and the End of the Crusades
Through his successful actions, Salah ad-Din minimized the European knights' conquests during the Second Crusade of This alarmed the court of the Pope, and they hurriedly prepared for the Third Crusade to the Holy Land.
It began in , led by English King Richard the Lionheart, German Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, and French King Philip II Augustus.
Saladin biography summary rubric pdf His father was a Kurdish soldier and administrator under the employment of the Seljuk Turks. He was poised from a very early age to play a significant role in Islamic society. He was survived by seventeen sons and one daughter. In the hospital, a scientist had a supply of drugs that he could utilize and provide to patients.However, there was no harmony between them from the start of their military actions against the Saracens, and they constantly feuded among themselves. Nevertheless, the European knightly Crusaders were determined to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims.
In , the knights captured the important city of Konya (Iconium), but in the process, German Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa died, and his army disbanded.
In , the English and French, after a two-year siege, captured the ancient port city of Acre.
The siege and assault involved the troops of Guy of Lusignan, who violated the oath he had given to the Egyptian Sultan, who had generously spared the last Jerusalem king's life and freedom. After the fall of Acre, French King Philip II Augustus, having gained fame as a conqueror of the Saracens, returned to his homeland.
Concerned about the new invasion of the Crusader forces led by three monarchs in the Middle East, Sultan Saladin once again assembled a large Egyptian army and rallied all those who wished to fight against the Christian knighthood under his banner.
The decisive battle between the armies of the English king and the Egyptian sultan took place on September 7, , near Arsuf.
Salah ad-Din initiated the battle.
Saladin biography summary rubric Salah ad-Din initiated the battle. Mahatma Gandhi: 12 Most Important Achievements. Hungarian Composer and Violinist Joseph Joachim. Since the Fatimids were Shia Muslims and Saladin was Sunni, it was an intriguing move since the two sects rarely shared power.The war for control of the Holy Land, along with the Third Crusade, concluded when Egyptian Sultan Saladin and English King Richard the Lionheart brokered a three-year truce during their meeting in September In fact, this agreement turned out to be a peaceful treaty that lasted for many years.
His enemies, the Crusaders, praised Saladin for his chivalrous conduct in war and his magnanimous treatment of prisoners.
He was neither a bloodthirsty eastern conqueror nor a destroyer of cultural treasures. It is no coincidence that the English writer Walter Scott's portrayal of Saladin inspired his creation of "The Talisman," a fictional historical account of the events of the Third Crusade.