What is life like in communist vietnam
Vietnam
Country in Southeast Asia
For other uses, see Vietnam (disambiguation).
Vietnam,[e][f] officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,[g][h] is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about , square kilometres (,&#;sq&#;mi) and a population of over &#;million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.
One of the two Marxist–Leninist states in Southeast Asia,[i] Vietnam shares land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam.
Laos country information Retrieved 6 August Southeast Asian Archaeology. ISSN X. Kiernan, BenThe Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam, which were subsequently under Chinese rule from BC until the first dynasty emerged in Successive monarchical dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded southward to the Mekong Delta, conqueringChampa. During most of the 17th and 18th centuries, Vietnam was effectively divided into two domains of Đàng Trong and Đàng Ngoài.
The Nguyễn—the last imperial dynasty—surrendered to France in In , its territory was integrated into French Indochina as three separate regions. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the nationalist coalition Viet Minh, led by the communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh, launched the August Revolution and declared Vietnam's independence from the Empire of Japan in
Vietnam went through prolonged warfare in the 20th century.
After World War II, France returned to reclaim colonial power in the First Indochina War, from which Vietnam emerged victorious in As a result of the treaties signed between the Viet Minh and France, Vietnam was also separated into two parts. The Vietnam War began shortly after, between the communist North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union and China, and the anti-communist South Vietnam, supported by the United States.
Vietnam country information and culture Trung Chien, Tran Thi Alongside its economic growth, Vietnam is also beset by high levels of corruption, political censorship and a poor record on human rights. Archived from the original on 12 December If that's not enough, click over to our collection of world maps and flags.Upon the North Vietnamese victory in , Vietnam reunified as a unitarysocialist state under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in An ineffective planned economy, a trade embargo by the West, and wars with Cambodia and China crippled the country further. In , the CPV initiated economic and political reforms similar to the Chinese economic reform, transforming the country to a socialist-oriented market economy.
The reforms facilitated Vietnamese reintegration into the global economy and politics.
Vietnam is a developing country with a lower-middle-income economy. It has high levels of corruption, censorship, environmental issues and a poor human rights record. It is part of international and intergovernmental institutions including the ASEAN, the APEC, the CPTPP, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OIF, and the WTO.
It has assumed a seat on the United Nations Security Council twice.
Etymology
Main article: Names of Vietnam
The name Việt Nam (pronounced[viə̂tˀnāːm], chữ Hán: 越南), literally "Viet South", means "Viet of the South" per Vietnamese word order or "South of the Viet" per Classical Chinese word order.[15] A variation of the name, Nanyue (or Nam Việt, 南越), was first documented in the 2nd century BC.
The term "Việt" (Yue) (Chinese: 越; pinyin: Yuè; Cantonese Yale: Yuht; Wade–Giles: Yüeh4; Vietnamese: Việt) in Early Middle Chinese was first written using the logograph "戉" for an axe (a homophone), in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions of the late Shang dynasty (c.&#; BC), and later as "越".
Vietnam country information and facts Centre for Asian and African Studies. The government's strong commitment to education has fostered significant growth but still need to be sustained to retain academics. Dartmouth College. Tung Hieu, LyAt that time, it referred to a people or chieftain to the northwest of the Shang. In the early 8th century BC, a tribe on the middle Yangtze were called the Yangyue, a term later used for peoples further south.
Between the 7th and 4th centuries BC, 'Yue'/'Việt' referred to the State of Yue in the lower Yangtze basin and its people.
From the 3rd century BC, the term was used for the non-Chinese populations of southern China and northern Vietnam, with particular ethnic groups called Minyue, Ouyue, Luoyue (Vietnamese: Lạc Việt), etc., collectively called the Baiyue (Bách Việt, Chinese: 百越; pinyin: Bǎiyuè; Cantonese Yale: Baak Yuet; Vietnamese: Bách Việt; lit.
'Hundred Yue/Viet').
The term 'Baiyue'/'Bách Việt' first appeared in the book Lüshi Chunqiu compiled around BC. By the 17th and 18th centuries AD, educated Vietnamese apparently referred to themselves as người Việt (Viet people) or người Nam (southern people).
The form Việt Nam (越南) is first recorded in the 16th-century oracular poem Sấm Trạng Trình.
The name has also been found on 12 steles carved in the 16th and 17th centuries, including one at Bao Lam Pagoda in Hải Phòng that dates to In , Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (who later became Emperor Gia Long) established the Nguyễn dynasty. In the second year of his rule, he asked the Jiaqing Emperor of the Qing dynasty to confer on him the title 'King of Nam Việt / Nanyue' (南越 in Chinese character) after seizing power in Annam.
The Emperor refused because the name was related to Zhao Tuo's Nanyue, which included the regions of Guangxi and Guangdong in southern China. The Qing Emperor, therefore, decided to call the area "Việt Nam" instead,[j] meaning "South of the Viet" per Classical Chinese word order but the Vietnamese understood it as "Viet of the South" per Vietnamese word order.[15] Between and , the name Vietnam was used officially by Emperor Gia Long.[j] It was revived in the early 20th century in Phan Bội Châu's History of the Loss of Vietnam, and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDĐ).
Vietnam country information Crook, Joe Cortada, James W. Odell, Andrew L. International Education Studies.The country was usually called Annam until , when the imperial government in Huế adopted Việt Nam.
History
Main article: History of Vietnam
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Vietnamese history.
Prehistory and early history
Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age.
Stone artefacts excavated in Gia Lai province have been claimed to date to , years ago,[27] based on associated find of tektites, however this claim has been challenged because tektites are often found in archaeological sites of various ages in Vietnam.[28]Homo erectus fossils dating to around , BC have been found in caves in Lạng Sơn and Nghệ An provinces in northern Vietnam.
The oldest Homo sapiens fossils from mainland Southeast Asia are of Middle Pleistocene provenance, and include isolated tooth fragments from Tham Om and Hang Hum. Teeth attributed to Homo sapiens from the Late Pleistocene have been found at Dong Can, and from the Early Holocene at Mai Da Dieu, Lang Gao and Lang Cuom. Areas comprising what is now Vietnam participated in the Maritime Jade Road, as ascertained by archeological research.[39][40][41][42]
By about 1, BC, the development of wet-rice cultivation in the Ma River and Red River floodplains led to the flourishing of Đông Sơn culture, notable for its bronze casting used to make elaborate bronze Đông Sơn drums.